Eurasian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

Shortened stapedius tendon as a rare cause of conductive hearing loss (literature review)

G.U. Lutfullaeva — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Anomalies of the stapedius tendon have been reported as a cause of conductive hearing loss, as such anomalies theoretically limit the movement of the stapes. A shortened stapedius tendon is a very rare diagnosis, but it should be considered as a potential cause of conductive hearing loss. Ossification of the stapedius muscle tendon is also a very rare cause of conductive hearing loss. In addition to the literature review, cases of unilateral hearing impairment are reported. In both cases, severing the ossified tendon resulted in the complete resolution of the middle ear issue. In addition to middle ear malformations, middle ear infections may also lead to ossification of the stapedius tendon.

ssessment of the apoptosis process in chronic tonsillitis: its impact on the disease pathogenesis and its interrelationship with the immune response

Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Chronic tonsillitis is a persistent inflammation of the tonsil tissue caused by recurrent acute or subclinical infections. Recurrent and chronic inflammation of the palatine tonsils sometimes leads to hypertrophy. Apoptosis plays a crucial role in maintaining a balance between lymphocytes in the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils. The aim of this study is to investigate apoptosis in tonsil diseases.

Comprehensive treatment of patients with nose papillos and primary cases

Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The analysis of the effectiveness of complex treatment of 66 patients with papillomas of the nose and paranasal sinuses was carried out. In the main group of patients, traditional therapy was supplemented by ingestion of tyloron (Lavomax) according to the scheme and topical application of Viferon ointment. Immunological studies, as well as data of subjective evaluation, revealed high results in patients of the main group. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using the preparation of Tyloron (Lavomax) and topically Vifeiron ointment in the complex treatment of nasal and sinus papillomas.

Clinic and diagnosis of benign tumors of the laryngopharynx

U.L. Lutfullaev, Sh.Sh. Kobilova, N.E. Madaminova, S.A. Boynazarov, A.S. Juraev — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Improving early diagnosis of tumors of hypopharynx and organization of specialized care to patients - a common goal of oncologists and otolaryngologists, the achievement of which will effectively treat these patients. In a large clinical material analyzed the data of the clinical course and given a detailed assessment of each of the methods of diagnosing tumors hypopharynx. It was concluded that the feasibility of using fibrоendoscopic research to identify a benign tumor in the early stages of the hypopharynx.

Vascular sinonasal tumors: the role of radiology in their diagnosis

Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Imaging of sinonasal tumors is primarily performed using computed tomography (CT), which is particularly effective at detecting the impact of these masses on nearby bone structures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also commonly used, as it excels at distinguishing pathological masses from common issues like mucosal thickening or fluid buildup in the sinonasal cavities. MRI is also excellent for assessing the spread of the tumor into surrounding soft tissues, orbits, and the intracranial space. These two imaging techniques complement each other and are often used together to evaluate sinonasal masses. In some cases, positron emission tomography (PET) may be used for additional metabolic assessment, particularly in patients with suspected malignant tumors to check for potential metastases. While these imaging methods are great for detecting abnormalities, there is often overlap in how different tumors appear, and it can be difficult to identify the specific type of tumor based solely on imaging. As a result, while the mass can often be spotted, narrowing the diagnosis to a single tumor type is uncommon. Despite this, cross-sectional imaging remains crucial in managing patient care and provides essential guidance for procedures like biopsies or surgeries in nearly all cases. This review focuses on the key imaging features associated with sinonasal tumors and highlights certain characteristics that may suggest a specific disease.

A modern view on the etiopathogenesis of chronic suppurative otitis media in children

U.N. Vokhidov, F.O. Usmonkhonov — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

At the present stage of development of otology, various links in the pathogenesis of chronic suppurative otitis media are sufficiently covered, but one of the most dangerous periods of the disease, namely, exacerbation of the chronic inflammatory process in the middle ear, has not been studied exhaustively and taking into account the age characteristics of the child's body. The purpose of this review is to study modern views on the etiopathogenesis of chronic suppurative otitis media in children. The review material consisted of scientific publications over the past 10 years, published in the international databases E-library, Scopus and Web of Science. Thus, it follows that the etiopathogenesis of chronic purulent otitis media in children is diverse and depends on the cause of inflammation, in this regard, for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the child's body.

Features of chronic rhinosinusitis in children

A.Kh. Rajabov, M.M. Toshtemirova — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article describes comparative examples of a number of scientific studies on the etiological causes and mechanisms of pathogenetic development, clinical course of the disease and modern diagnostic methods in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who undergo scientific research. The article also comprehensively studies the general clinical characteristics of chronic rhinosinusitis, the compatibility and differential changes in laboratory and instrumental research data, the results and consequences of the disease, and positively evaluates the studied clinical results and achievements with completely new and qualified approaches to effective treatment.

On the issue of studying nosebleeds of unknown etiology

G.S. Agzamova, T.G. Djangirov, E.I. Jumaev — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Nosebleeds have always remained among the most dangerous and urgent problems in general otolaryngological practice and especially in the structure of emergency ENT services. It is often very difficult to determine and find the causes of these bleedings, so it is necessary to replace etiotropic treatment with symptomatic treatment, which does not always give the desired results. In this article, the team of authors reviewed several studies and, based on them, made their own observations to determine the causes of nosebleeds of unclear etiology.

Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment methods for chronic rhinosinusitis in children

N.E. Madaminova, Z.X. Karimova — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article presents a study aimed at developing a differentiated personalized treatment strategy for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), taking into account the state of the nasal cavity microbiome. The relevance of the problem is due to the high prevalence of CRS and the need to find more effective therapy methods that consider the individual characteristics of each patient. The study analyzed various treatment methods, including traditional therapy, herbal preparations (Sinupret, BNO 1016), probiotics, and topical glucocorticosteroids (fluticasone furoate). The results of the study demonstrated the high effectiveness of a comprehensive approach to therapy, which includes personalized methods oriented towards the state of the nasal microbiome. It was found that the use of probiotics and herbal preparations significantly improves clinical indicators and contributes to the rapid recovery of patients. The safety and effectiveness of topical glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of various forms of CRS have also been proven. The study's conclusions emphasize the importance of integrating individualized methods into standard CRS treatment protocols to achieve optimal results and improve patients' quality of life.

Features of recurrent acute purulent otitis media in young children

Kh.E. Karabayev, B.K. Eshniyozov — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: To study the clinical features of recurrent acute purulent otitis media in young children. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 58 children hospitalized in the ENT department of the TashPMI clinic for recurrent acute purulent otitis media in young children in 2023–2024 were analyzed. Data were examined based on age, gender, and clinical presentation. Among the 58 children hospitalized with recurrent acute purulent otitis media, various aspects of the disease course were assessed. Results: The study revealed the following clinical manifestations in the affected children: mucopurulent and purulent ear discharge in all 58 children (100%), nasal mucus discharge in 15 children (26%), pharyngeal redness in 27 children (46.5%), cough in 14 children (24%), and fever in 32 children (55%). Signs of intoxication were observed in 38 children (65.5%), including lethargy, loss of appetite, sweating, and sleep disturbances. Conclusions: A detailed medical history provided by parents is highly informative. A key indicator of otitis media is the infant crying while breastfeeding but remaining calm when fed with a spoon. Indirect signs include crying during sleep, reaching for the ear, and rubbing the head against the pillow. Pressing on the tragus increases the child's discomfort.

Optimization of the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss of infectious origin

Kh.E. Karabaev, M.M. Karimova, S.S. Abdieva — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

he aim of this study was to optimize treatment methods for sensorineural hearing loss of infectious origin. The study involved 115 children aged 1 to 7 years with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus (CMV), who were included in the main group, and a comparison group of 30 children with SNHL without toxoplasmosis and CMV infection. The main group received antiviral therapy, while the comparison group received traditional therapy. Based on the whisper speech test at a distance of up to 3 meters, SNHL of grade I was diagnosed in 6 (5.2%) children in the main group. Before treatment, based on the conversational speech test at a distance of up to 6 meters, SNHL was diagnosed in 7 (6.1%) children from the main group. To achieve the study objectives, the authors also conducted auditory evoked potentials (AEP) after treatment in the studied groups. Thus, strong correlational relationships were found between specific antibodies to the pathogens, cytokine status, and inflammatory proteins.

Tic control after tonsillectomy: a rehabilitation program

Z.D. Egamberdieva, A.Sh. Amonov — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in pediatric otorhinolaryngology, particularly for chronic tonsillitis. However, approximately 15% of patients experience neurological complications after surgery, such as tic hyperkinesias. This study examines a rehabilitation program for children with tic disorders following tonsillectomy. The program includes physiotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and nutritional support. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in tic severity among patients who underwent rehabilitation for 3, 6, and 9 months.

Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy in children with allergic rhinitis. Clinical features and disease interrelationship

F.B. Nurmukhamedova, D.X Erkinova — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: To determine the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children with allergic rhinitis (AR) and to study the clinical course of the disease in this group of children. Results: The study found that allergic rhinitis combined with adenoid hypertrophy leads to more severe symptoms in children, including nasal congestion, fatigue, and nocturnal awakenings. In the AH group, these symptoms were more pronounced than in the AR-only group. Both groups exhibited rhinorrhea and cough, but these were more frequent and severe in the AH group. Conclusion: The combination of allergic rhinitis and adenoid hypertrophy exacerbates the course of the disease, deteriorating the quality of life in children. This emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to treatment and early diagnosis to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy for patients with mandibular fractures based on microbiological and immunological indicators

Z.K. Rakhimov — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The problem of etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of purulent-inflammatory complications in mandibular fractures remains an urgent task today. The increase in the trend towards this topic does not reduce, which is explained in this article, the microbiological and immunological approach to the treatment of patients with mandibular fractures and their some results are presented.

Pathogenetic complex treatment of patients with acute suppurous inflammatory diseases of the maxillo-facial area

K.R. Razzakov — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article discusses the issue of pathogenetic complex treatment of acute purulent-inflammatory diseases. The broad-spectrum combined antibacterial agent “Povidone-iodine” can be used in the pathogenetic complex treatment of acute purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area and due to its high efficiency against a large number of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms.

Clinical features of vasomotor rhinitis in thyrotoxicosis

Sh.E. Amonov, S.Kh. Muminov — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Vasomotor rhinitis is one of the urgent problems in otolaryngology and one of the most common ENT diseases, which affects people of all age groups. Vasomotor rhinitis is also common among people suffering from endocrine pathology. The purpose of our work was to study the clinical features and dynamics of the course of vasomotor rhinitis in patients with thyrotoxicosis. Summarizing all the presented material, it should be noted that the obtained results quite convincingly demonstrated the conditionality of the course of vasomotor rhinitis in the examined patients from the state of their thyroid function.

Effect of ultrasonic aerosol treatment of the oral cavity on the effectiveness of treatment of patients with mandibular fractures

F.G. Farmonov — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article presents the results of complex pathogenetic therapy of 231 patients with mandibular fractures treated in the department of the Bukhara Regional Multidisciplinary Medical Center for the period from 2008 to 2021. The main group of patients, along with conventional treatment as a local therapy, was prescribed sessions of ultrasonic aerosol treatment of the oral cavity. This method of physiotherapeutic treatment was carried out using a generator of low-frequency ultrasonic vibrations "STOMATON - MM". The high efficiency of the proposed complex of pathogenetic therapy in the treatment of patients with uncomplicated mandibular fractures has been established.

Clinical and microbiological features of chronic sinusitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

F.A. Khaydarova, Sh.E. Amonov, F.F. Khudoyberdieva — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article highlights the results of clinical and microbiological indicators of chronic sinusitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Demographic indicators, clinical forms of chronic sinusitis, microflora indicators from secretions from the nasal cavity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic sinusitis are analyzed in detail. Purpose: to analyze the results of clinical and microbiological indices of chronic sinusitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: A survey of 130 patients was carried out, of which: 80 patients (1st group, main) - with chronic sinusitis against the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus, 50 patients (2nd group, control) with diabetes mellitus without chronic sinusitis, who were treated at the Republican Specialized Medical Center of Endocrinology named after Ya.Kh. Turakulov. Results: Analyzing the results of clinical and laboratory studies of patients with chronic sinusitis against the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus (group 1), it can be concluded that the studied parameters reflect the activity and severity of the inflammatory process in the paranasal sinuses. Conclusions: Distinctive clinical signs of chronic sinusitis in patients with diabetes mellitus are: rapid development of the underlying disease, systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This leads to the development of complications and even an unfavorable outcome of the disease, especially in patients with insufficient glycemic control. The main group of patients is characterized by a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity, family history of type 2 diabetes, and low physical activity compared to the comparison group. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, productive (35%) and exudative forms (32.5%) of chronic sinusitis were more common. An important principle of pathogenetic therapy is constant monitoring of blood glucose levels and etiotropic treatment that directly affects the causative agent of sinusitis.

Vasomotor rhinitis in patients with thyrotoxicosis

S.Kh. Muminov — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

With thyroid dysfunction, a number of significant deviations from the physiological norm are observed on the part of the JIOP organs, which indicates the influence of thyroid hormones on the functional state of the upper respiratory tract. The purpose of this review is to study the effect of thyrotoxicosis on the course of vasomotor rhinitis. The review material included scientific publications over the past 10 years, published in the international databases E-library, Scopus and Web of Science. Thus, it follows that the study of the features of the clinical course and treatment of vasomotor rhinitis associated with thyrotoxicosis is of particular importance.

S.A.Khasanov – founder of the scientific school of pediatric otorhinolaryngology in Uzbekistan

G.K. Babakhanov, S.N. Makhsudov — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article reveals the autobiography, activities of an outstanding scientist, Doctor of Medical sciences, Professor, Academician of the "Turon Academy of Sciences" Saidakram Khasanov in the aspect of the creation and development of the "Scientific School of Pediatric Otolaryngology in Uzbekistan". The organizational work of the scientist is shown in detail in chronological order, in particular, the organization of the "Children's ENT Clinic" of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute (TashPMI), which in 1999 became the base of the "Center for the Rehabilitation of Children with Congenital and Acquired Ear Pathologies", reorganized in 2006 as the "Republican Center for Children's Otolaryngology" of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The achievements of the "ENT Clinic of TashPMI" and the "Department of Otolaryngology, Children’s otorhinolaryngology and Children’s dentistry " of this institute over the years of work of Professor Saidakram A. Khasanov are covered in detail. At the end of the article, the scientist’s scientific activity is meticulously described, all his scientific directions for all the years of work are presented, as well as information about his students.

Analysis of the results of morphological examination of surgical samples in tympanosclerosis

U.M. Ergashev, S.M. Allayorov — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In our study, we performed histological examinations on fragments of pathological bone tissue removed during surgery from patients with tympanosclerosis, aged 18 to 60 years, who were treated in the adult ENT department of the Tashkent Medical Academy. The examinations were primarily conducted on samples from the horizontal part of the facial nerve canal, which exhibited typical hyaline and calcified foci of tympanosclerosis. In all cases, these individual fragments of pathological tissue with bone-like density were relatively easily separated from the inferior bone of the medial wall of the tympanic cavity as a single block (layer). Only microsurgical needles, hooks, and microclamps were used for their removal, without the need for chisels or milling cutters. These fragments often resemble normal bone tissue in appearance.

Hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsila: analysis of views on pathology

U.S. Khasanov, U.R. Khudayberganov — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil is the most common reason for seeking help in pediatric otolaryngology. The purpose of this review is to study current views on the impact of hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil on child development. The review material included scientific publications over the past 10 years, published in the international databases E-library, Scopus and Web of Science. Thus, it follows that a number of local and general disorders are associated with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil. Hypertrophied lymphoid tissue, being a mechanical obstacle, complicates nasal breathing, as a result of which blood and lymph circulation is disrupted, which provokes pathology of various organs and systems. At the same time, modern data, emphasizing the significant role of the lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx as the first line of defense of the child's body, require a balanced decision in choosing a method for treating hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil.

Common complications of adenotomy

U.S. Khasanov, U.R. Khudayberganov — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the late postoperative period, the most common complication is relapse. The purpose of this review is to study common complications of adenotomy. The review material included scientific publications over the past 10 years, published in the international databases E-library, Scopus and Web of Science. Thus, it follows that the prevention of complications during and after surgery is relevant, so it is necessary to carefully approach diagnostics and adenotomy.

Valuation of ultrasound examination results in patients with fractures of the alveolar process of the jaws using various immobilization methods

N.I. Yusupov, K.E. Shomurodov, Sh.Sh. Musayev — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents the results of ultrasound examination in patients with jaw alveolar process fractures using various immobilization methods. During the immobilization period, along with the main treatment, attention should be paid to the implementation of a set of measures that improve bone metabolism indicators in patients with alveolar fractures of the jaws. The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of various immobilization methods on the state of bone tissue of the jaw alveolar process using ultrasound osteometry. Materials and methods. 65 patients with fractures of the alveolar process of the jaws were examined, divided into three groups according to the immobilization method: traditional smooth tires, tires with the use of additional agents (washer and calcium-D3), as well as tires fixed with a composite. Ultrasound examination was conducted in three stages: before immobilization, on the 14th day, and after removing the fixing structures. Results. It was established that the passage rate of ultrasound waves increased after treatment in groups with alternative immobilization methods, indicating better density and reparative regeneration of bone tissue compared to the traditional method. Conclusion. Using щадящие methods of immobilization allows for a reduction in inflammatory complications, preserving the health of the periodontium, and improving conditions for bone fragment consolidation during PAO.