Оценка воздействия электромагнитных излучений на твёрдые ткани зубов

Abstract

The increasing every day and occupational exposure to radiofrequency (RF) and extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic radiation (EMR) necessitates assessment of its potential association with the condition of hard dental tissues and oral fluid parameters. The aim was to evaluate the status of hard dental tissues under different levels of EMR exposure using an integrated exposure assessment and oral-fluid biomarkers. Materials and methods: exposure was assessed using the developed composite index EMI-CI (0–100 points) incorporating RF and ELF domains; four exposure levels were defined (≤25; 25–49; 50–74; ≥75). For in-depth analysis, “extreme” groups were formed: the main group (EMI-CI ≥75; n=90), the comparison group (≤25; n=45), and the control group (n=20). Clinical assessment included DMF, ICDAS, BOP, Schiff Air Index, and NRS; laboratory assessment included sIgA, lysozyme, phagocytosis, MDA, SOD, and GPx; statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: in the total sample (n=360), the distribution of the total score was as follows: low exposure (≤25 points) — 13.9% (n=50), moderate (25–49) — 11.1% (n=40), increased (50–74) — 47.3% (n=170), and high (≥75) — 27.7% (n=100). Dentin hypersensitivity was detected in 91.1% of the main group, 24.4% of the comparison group, and 15% of controls. Lipid peroxidation/antioxidant defense parameters differed between groups: MDA (control 3.46±0.17; comparison 5.47±0.27; main 7.53±0.38 μmol/L), SOD (5.84±0.29; 7.57±0.38; 4.23±0.21 U/mL), GPx (208.35±10.42; 258.34±12.91; 124.47±6.22 U/min). Conclusion: comprehensive assessment with EMI-CI calculation enables RF/ELF exposure stratification and comparison with clinical and laboratory indicators characterizing the condition of hard dental tissues and oral fluid.