Integrative dentistry and maxillofacial surgery

Features of the oral cavity in stroke patients and key aspects of dental care

Shomurodov K.E. — 2024-06-19

Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in the world. According to statistics, more than 65 thousand new cases of stroke are registered in Uzbekistan every year. Patients after a stroke have been experiencing various health problems for a long time and undergo prolonged rehabilitation. The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific literature data and the results of clinical studies devoted to the study of the effect of stroke on the condition of the oral cavity and the features of dental care for patients who have suffered acute cerebral circulatory disorders. These studies confirm the relevance of the problem of developing a unified tactic for dental implantation in stroke patients, as well as supportive therapy to improve the effectiveness of dental treatment.

The tactics of the otorinolaryngologist in the diagnosis and treatment of hypoxia in children with secondary deforming osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint

Yakubov R.R., Shaikhova H.E., Yakubov R.K. — 2024-06-19

Objective: To develop the tactics of an otorhinolaryngologist in the diagnosis and treatment of hypoxia in children with secondary deforming osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
Materials and methods. 65 children aged 3 to 18 years with SDO TMJ were examined. Complaints, anamnesis were studied, and a standard examination of the ENT organs was performed (using a Karl Storz endoscope (Germany), general clinical and laboratory-instrumental, microbiological, immunological studies, multislice computed tomography, with the involvement of other pediatricians.
Results. The study of the state of the ENT organs revealed varying degrees of enlargement of the nasopharyngeal tonsils, retro-microgenia with narrowing of the pharyngeal lumen, curvature of the nasal septum, rhinitis. sinusitis, which led to significant narrowing of the nasopharynx, difficulty in nasal breathing in most patients.
Pathology of the ENT organs against the background of prolonged restriction of movements of the lower jaw, difficulty chewing and deterioration of the hygienic condition of the cavity led to changes in the microbiocenosis of the cavity, oropharynx, intestines with a change in the species composition and number of pathogenic microorganisms against the background of a decrease in the indicators of nonspecific factors of oral protection.
Conclusions. Diseases of the ENT organs, such as rhinitis, sinusitis, curvature of the nasal septum can be both the cause and the outcome of increasing hypoxia and acidosis. These changes increase the risk of developing a chronic inflammatory process. At the same time, diseases of internal organs, mainly the gastrointestinal tract, nervous and other systems, were diagnosed, eventually inducing other factors of hypoxia. An algorithm has been developed that reflects the tactics of an otorhinolaryngologist in the diagnosis and treatment of hypoxia in children with SDO TMJ.

Review of comparative evaluation of comprehensive treatment of moderate dental caries using minimally invasive methods

Shukurova U.A. — 2024-06-19

An assessment was made of the advantages, results and limitations of minimally invasive methods in comparison with traditional methods of treating moderate dental caries (dentine caries), which includes factors such as maintaining the strength of teeth, minimizing sensitivity, maintaining the viability of the dental pulp, individual approaches to treatment, reduction of microleakage, preservation of natural dental function, patient acceptance and preference, and advances in this field.

Screening for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma through oral health assessment

Polatova D.Sh. — 2024-06-19

Introduction. Identification of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) may provide new predictors with implications for disease screening.
Methods. The study included 62 patients with OPSCC T1-4N0-3M0 who were treated at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology and its Tashkent city and Samarkand regional branches from 2015 to 2020. Expression was studied using immunohistochemistry proteins p16INK4a, PD-L1 and p53W/M (W - wild type; M - mutant type) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor samples.
Results. 45.2% (28/62) of patients with increased p16INK4a expression (≥70%) were included in the HPV-positive group, and the remaining 54.8% (34/62) were classified in the HPV-negative group. 9.7% (6/62) of patients were diagnosed with OPMDs, and 14.5% (9/62) were diagnosed with oral papillomas. All OPMDs patterns belong to the HPV-negative group, and papillomas belong to the HPV-positive group (p<0.001). OPMDs have a low positive correlation with PD-L1 (p=0.719), a moderate positive correlation with p53M (p=0.251), a moderate negative correlation with positive HPV status (p=0.019) and a low negative correlation with p53W (p=0.454). Papilloma has a strong positive correlation with positive HPV status (p<0.001), a moderate positive correlation with p53W (p=0.002) and a low negative correlation with PD-L1 (p=0.789) and a moderate negative correlation with p53M (p=0.003).
Conclusion. Thus, assessing the expression of p16INK4a/PD-L1/p53W/p53M proteins in OPMDs tissues or clinically normal oral mucosa may be a useful framework for shaping the risk of developing OPSCC.

Experimental assessment of the effectiveness and safety of the new domestic therapeutic and preventive toothpaste

Akbarov A.N., Ziyadullaeva N.S., Nurullaeva M.U. — 2024-06-19

Preclinical studies are needed to determine the activity and safety of a new toothpaste that can be used in clinical practice. A series of experimental studies on laboratory animals was conducted to study the safety of the bioactive glass toothpaste composed by us. The results of the experiment showed that the toothpaste with bioactive glass in doses of 50-5000 mg/kg, both in acute and chronic injection into the body of animals, does not have a toxic effect, which was confirmed by the absence of lethality, signs of intoxication, as well as the absence of statistically significant changes in anthropometric, biochemical, hematological and pathological parameters.

Biochemical indicators of the oral fluid of children and adolescents with children's cerebral paralysis

Gafforov S.A., Shamsieva M.O., Madaminova N.S. — 2024-06-19

Relevance. Based on the results of the study, a number of factors were noted by the formation of pathological changes in the tissues of organs by half of the mouth (PR) such as the imbalance of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms; Especially the formation of free radicals (antioxidant system (AOS)), which, as a result of the low efficiency of AOS, forms “oxidative stress” (OS), which leads to the peroxide of the lipids of cell membranes. Despite in recent years, the problems of free-radical processes (PSA) have been studied large-scale, the problem has not been cut to effectively block their negative effects on the cell. It is proved that the contingent studied by children's cerebral prolays (cerebral palsy) refers to a very high risk of developing teeth and dentition.
The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the biochemical markers of the oral fluid (RG) in children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric diseases (PNZ).
Material and methods. A comprehensive clinical and morphometric study was conducted in 299 children and adolescents, including; 6-9 years -102; 10-13 years -100; and 14-18 flight -97; Boys and 131 girls are by the floors -168: of which, 143 patients with cerebral palsy (main group - OG), 156 patients (control group - kg) without somatic pathology. The most significant biochemical indicators have been studied; Prot/and pro-inflammatory cytokines (Protvz and PVC), interleukins (IL), activity of superoxidsmutase (SOD), pro-/antioxidant system ((PAS and AOS), perical oxidation of lipids (floor), calcium (SA) and posphorus (posphorus) ), the viscosity and buffer capacity of RJ.
Results. It is installed in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, the functioning of the system regulates the homeostasis of the oral cavity (PR), at the same time, significant relationships between pathological changes in the enzyme and low molecular weight links of AOS and OS and disorders of mineral metabolism are noted, and the results allow us to argue that OS in PR Along with the genetically determined dysfunction of the immune system (IP), especially in children of the older age group.
Conclusion. Thus, oxidative stress in the PR, along with the genetically determined dysfunction of the immune system, especially with cerebral palsy there is interconnected character.

Artificial intelligence in orthodontics and its use to assess occlusion pathology

Nigmatov R.N., Ruziev Sh.D., Hanova D.N. — 2024-06-19

The integration of artificial intelligence, especially machine learning, into dentistry is changing this area. With its advanced image processing and decision-making capabilities, artificial intelligence is able to revolutionize orthodontic procedures. Recent research has shown that machine learning can match, or even surpass, human accuracy in important tasks such as defining anatomical benchmarks, classifying skeletal structures, predicting bone age, and segmenting teeth. Moreover, machine learning algorithms ensure consistency and reliability in orthodontic decisions and treatment evaluation. Despite these advances, problems remain with the interpretability of machine learning models and the reliability of data sets.Therefore, promoting closer cooperation between orthodontists and AI technicians is important for the full utilization of the potential of artificial intelligence in clinical settings.

Endodont-parodontal lesions: types, classification, clinical value

Yusupalikhodjaeva S.Kh., Shomurodova G.Kh. — 2024-06-19

Endodonto-parodontal lesions are an object of active research in the field of dentistry. This paper reviews the types and classification of such lesions, as well as their clinical significance. The conducted studies allow to understand more deeply the pathogenesis of endodonto-parodontal diseases and to develop effective methods of their diagnosis and treatment.

Ultrastructure of hard tissues of teeth after professional bleaching

Valieva F.A., Irsaliev Kh.I., Irsalieva F.Kh., Irsalieva F.Kh. — 2024-06-19

The aim of the study was to investigate the ultrastructural changes of dental hard tissues after professional whitening. The study involved 20 volunteers requiring tooth extraction for orthodontic indications. Depending on the type of teeth whitening, patients were divided into 4 groups. 1st group was the control group, where no whitening was performed. Volunteers’ teeth from the 2nd group were chemically whitened (OPALESCENCE BOOST) with gel, without physical stimulation. In the 3rd group whitening was performed with Amazing White gel with laser beam stimulation. In the 4th group whitening was performed with Amazing White gel with photodynamic stimulation. Longitudinal teeth chip was sprayed with gold of 900 tests. The ultrastructure of teeth was studied on a scanning electron microscope JEOL JSM-6010LV (Japan). Significant ultrastructural changes were registered during laser teeth whitening.

Structural and functional characteristics of the oral cavity organs and tissues in workers of the petrochemical industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Muminova D.R., Gafforov S.A. — 2024-06-19

Relevance. The demand for scientific substantiation of the structural and functional state of the tissues and organs of the oral cavity of workers of some industrial enterprises has been determined by analyzing the results of research work, to establish the regularities, direct harmful effects.
Purpose and objectives: The aim of the study was to justify the structural and functional changes of the organs and tissues of the oral cavity under the influence of factors that arise in the workplaces of some industrial enterprises in Uzbekistan.
Materials and methods. The total number of examined persons was 1600, including 1450 workers (main group M/G) of the three studied industrial enterprises: Fergana Oil Refinery Plant (FORP - M/G-1) - 420; Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Combine (AMMC - M/G-2) - 425, and Navoi Chemical Plant (NCP - M/G-3) - 605 workers, as well as 150 persons in the control group (C/G) who applied to a dentist at the clinic of TSDI. Working conditions and general health of industrial workers were studied according to the data of the sanitary medical part and laboratories of the plants; a general dental examination was carried out, and the condition of the oral cavity (OC) was assessed; pain, discriminatory, and taste sensitivity of the tongue and oral mucosa (OM), functional mobility of taste reception of the tongue, resistance and microhardness (MH) of tooth enamel and dentin, condition of periodontal tissues, hygienic condition of the OC and pH of mixed saliva were studied, and finally, the obtained data were processed by statistical methods.
Results. It has been determined that the levels and proportion of major dental diseases among workers in the studied industries remain sufficiently high compared to the control group; violations of the basic structural and functional state of the organs and tissues of the oral cavity have been established, with the frequency of pathologies and structural-functional changes directly dependent on the length of work associated with the industries; based on the obtained results, it has also been confirmed that a number of physicochemical factors negatively affect the organism, to varying degrees, which is reflected in the structural-functional tissues.
Conclusion. Thus, it is justified that physicochemical and technological factors arising in the workplaces of various industries directly or indirectly but negatively affect the human body; they form or accelerate such pathological processes as a decrease in the excitability threshold of teeth, peri-tooth tissues, and the oral mucosa, disruption of pain, taste, and discriminatory sensitivity of the oral mucosa, as well as deterioration in the microhardness of hard tooth tissues, and others.

Features of the condition of oral tissue in patients with chronic pancreatitis

Yusupalikhodjaeva S.Kh. — 2024-06-19

Chronic pancreatitis is a common disease of the pancreas, in which various complications can develop, including pathologic changes in the oral cavity. This systematic review aims to analyze and summarize the available data on the clinical features of the state of oral organs and tissues in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
The study of the scientific literature revealed oral cavity disorders characteristic of this disease, including decreased salivary flow rate, altered acid-alkaline balance of oral fluid, increased susceptibility to dental caries and inflammatory-destructive periodontal diseases. A close correlation between the course of chronic pancreatitis and the development of multiple caries, chronic candidiasis of the oral mucosa has been established. Some studies indicate the presence of correlation between the severity of dental manifestations and the severity of pancreatitis.
The obtained data emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and treatment of dental complications in patients with chronic pancreatitis, as well as the importance of timely prevention of the development of pathological changes in the oral cavity against the background of this disease. Interdisciplinary interaction between dentists and gastroenterologists can help to improve the effectiveness of management of this category of patients.

Functional and metabolic aspects of implantological problems in patients with hyperuricemia (Review of literature)

Nazarov Z.Z., Shomurodov K.E., Kudratov Sh.Sh., Khojimetov A.A. — 2024-06-19

Despite the large number of studies devoted to the problem of dental implantation, the organization of dental care for patients with gout using dental implants in the republic remains practically unstudied. There is practically no work on studying the features of preparing the implantation zone during dental implantation and post-operative management in people with gout. It is also relevant to study the metabolism of mixed saliva during implantological complications in patients with hyperuricemia. The listed aspects justify the relevance of developing a differentiated approach to the use of implantation treatment in people with gout.

Morphometric indicators of the head of school-age children in industrial areas of the Tashkent region

Ashurov T. A., Khatamov A.I., Rakhmonov O.R. — 2024-06-19

The paper presents data from anthropometric studies of the heads of school-age children in industrial areas of the Tashkent region. The age dynamics of the indicators were studied and the periods of greatest growth in the morphometric indicators of the head were determined. The circumferential, diametrical and longitudinal dimensions of the head and its facial part were studied. We have developed scientifically based criteria for assessing anthropometric indicators and biological maturation of school-age children based on identifying age-sex characteristics of the development of somatometric parameters.

Analysis of the results of treatment with phytopreparations in patients with severe chronic generalized periodontitis

Gafforov S. A., Abdukhalikov S.F., Sobirov A.A., Khamroev M.Sh. — 2024-06-19

Relevance. The article presents the problems associated with the pathology of periodontal tissue (TP) and conducted its own study using phytopreparations "Hemostat gel" and "Clove essential oil". It was found that the traditional approach to the treatment of chronic generalized severe periodontitis (CGPTF) has significant drawbacks - the worst indicators of anti-inflammatory and reparative activity, a higher percentage of complications compared with phytopreparations, it was also found that the results of the analysis of anti-inflammatory activity based on a decrease in the level of neutrophil infiltration showed that phytopreparations of oral antiseptics have better effectiveness in comparison with synthetic ones.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapeutic stage of treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis of severe form (CGPTF) with the inclusion of the phytopreparation "Hemostat gel" and "Clove essential oil" in its composition.
Material and methods. A comprehensive clinical and dental, laboratory sociological and statistical study was conducted in 326 patients with CGPTF (according to K05.5) among 41-60 patients who applied for dental care. The dental condition of patients – periodontal tissues and phytopreparations - was studied.
Results. It was found that in terms of total clinical efficacy, among the comparison base, the most adaptive drug to the treatment situation of HCG is the effective "Hemostat gel" and "Clove essential oil" less effective "Chlorhexidine". It has also been proven that the traditional approach to the treatment of HCG has significant drawbacks. An analysis of anti-inflammatory activity based on a decrease in the level of neutrophil infiltration showed that phytopreparations of oral antiseptics have better effectiveness compared with synthetic ones.
Conclusion. Thus, when assessing the reparative activity in the treatment of HCGPTF, phytopreparations - "Hemostat gel" and "Clove essential oil" of oral antiseptics should be considered the most effective, which means that the proposed HCGPTF treatment methods have a better level of comprehensive effectiveness compared to traditional treatment methods.

Features of dental hard tissue in children with hearing impairment

Daminova Sh.B., Kurbanova Z.F. — 2024-06-19

Children with hearing impairment have a burdened dental status; during examination, in 66.4% of cases, hypoplasia of hard dental tissues was diagnosed, the clinical course of which depended on the degree of hearing impairment. Children with hearing loss are significantly more likely to have a high level of caries resistance (18.6‰ versus 2.6%; P<0.001), the average level was found in 72.1% of children with hearing loss, which is 3.7% higher (P< 0.05). A low level was significantly more often recorded in children with deafness (21.1% versus 9.3%; P <0.01). A very low level of resistance was observed only in children with deafness in 7.9% of cases.

SARS-COV-2 infection and periodontal tissue lesions: A comprehensive analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms

Yusupalikhodjaeva S.Kh. — 2024-06-19

The evidence reviewed suggests a complex relationship between COVID-19 and periodontitis involving immunological, molecular and inflammatory mechanisms. It has been established that the oral cavity and periodontal pocket can serve as a “gateway” for the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into the body. In addition, endothelial dysfunction, which is characteristic of both COVID-19 and periodontitis, may have a synergistic negative effect on the condition of patients with both diseases. These aspects require further in-depth study to develop effective preventive and therapeutic approaches that are of vital importance during the period of coronavirus infection.

Analysis of retrospective research of medical documentations of patients with mandibular fracture

Pulatova Sh.K. — 2024-06-19

The article reflects the data of the retrospective study of the history of the disease of victims with fractures of the lower jaw on the materials of the section of jaw - facial surgery of the Bukhara Regional Multidisciplinary Medical Center for 2021-2023, a total of 1240. As a result of the study, age, sex, social, clinical, seasonal and daily trauma characteristics of the lower lumbar bone were determined. Data are presented regarding the structure, localization, level of treatment of victims in medical and preventive institutions at the outpatient stage, the quality of emergency care to victims and its disadvantages.

Use of botulinum toxin type A for temporomandibular dysfunction

Kalanov A.B. — 2024-06-19

Сonducted a study that assessed the effects of botulinum toxin A (BtA) on temporomandibular dysfunction and also assessed the incidence of myofascial pain associated with temporomandibular dysfunction. After BtA injection, study results showed an improvement in pain scores measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The average VAS score before the injection was 8.2, and six weeks after the injection it was 1.8. Our main study included 26 patients who had local myofascial pain and referred (radiating) myofascial pain. Patients recorded their pain rating on a VAS before BtA was injected into each affected muscle and again six weeks after the injection. Results showed that after 1.5 months of injection, eight of 12 patients with localized myofascial pain and four of 14 patients with referred myofascial pain reported significantly improved quality of life due to pain reduction.

Researching the influence of postmenopausal osteoporosis on indicators of bone metabolism of blood plasma and physical characteristics of bone tissue of the jaws

Akbarov A.N., Tillaxodjayeva M.M. — 2024-06-19

One of the pressing problems of modern medicine is the study and development of new techniques and technologies for performing dental implantation operations with subsequent orthopedic treatment in patients with chronic general somatic pathology, namely in menopausal women with clinically diagnosed osteoporosis.
Postmenopausal women, especially those over 50, are susceptible to decreased bone density due to decreased estrogen levels. This can make it difficult to ensure proper implant retention and increase the risk of complications such as peri-implantitis and implant failure. This is due to the fact that bone with low density cannot provide reliable fixation of the implant and withstand the loads that arise during the chewing function of the dentofacial apparatus.

Periodontal changes in fatty hepatosis

Ibragimova M.Kh., Ruzikulova M.Sh., Ganiev A. — 2024-06-19

One of the important aspects of studying the problem of the development of dental diseases is the study of periodontal inflammatory processes that have developed against the background of disorders of the biliary system of the liver. The anatomical and physiological proximity of periodontal tissues and the digestive tract, the commonality of humoral regulation and innervation create the prerequisites for the involvement of periodontal tissue in the pathological process of dystrophic liver diseases. Inflammatory periodontal diseases (IPD) are one of the most common and intractable diseases in dentistry. Today, the pathogenesis of this disease depends not only on local, but also on systemic factors and is characterized by widespread prevalence among elderly and young people. Morphofunctional similarity between the oral mucosa and the digestive tract, as well as the close relationship between the various parts of the gastrointestinal tract and its initial part - the oral cavity, carried out through anatomical, physiological and humoral interactions. Many authors find common signs of pathophysiological and pathomorphological processes in the gastric mucosa and periodontal tissues. However, changes in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and periodontium in diffuse liver diseases began to attract the attention of researchers relatively quickly. Our results show that the increase in the frequency and severity of periodontal lesions is associated with an increase in risk factors caused by somatic pathology. According to the indicators of the CPITN index, it is also necessary to note that in case of periodontal tissue diseases against the background of somatic pathologies and without background diseases, the periodontal status and oral hygiene are primarily affected.

Features of hygienic education of children with pathology of the musculoskeletal system

Abdullaev J.R. — 2024-06-19

This article reflects the hygienic condition of the oral cavity in children with pathology of the musculoskeletal system. The analysis of the results of the conducted research indicates the insufficiency of preventive and curative measures among children living in special educational institutions. A significant relationship has been revealed between the prevalence of caries in children and the effectiveness of professional measures aimed at preventing dental diseases.

The role of genetic factors in the development of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region

Gizatullina A.M., Shomurodov K.E. — 2024-06-19

Purulent Inflammatory Diseases (PID) of the Maxillofacial Region are a group of diseases characterized by inflammation and suppuration of various anatomical structures of the maxillofacial region. These diseases are an important problem in dentistry that can lead to serious complications such as sepsis, facial deformity and tooth loss. The study of genetic aspects of inflammatory diseases of the jaw is a key area of medical genetics. This approach will provide an in-depth look at the genetic factors that influence the development of inflammatory diseases and how to prevent them. Based on genetic data, risks can be identified earlier and personalized methods of prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases can be developed.

Clinical and functional characteristics of organs and tissues of the oral cavity in children and adolescents with chronic forms of gingivitis

Nurmatova N.T., Odiljonov Zh.D, Gafforov S.A. — 2024-06-19

Relevance. In the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases (PD), the main factors are infection and poor oral cavity (OC) hygiene. The hygienic state of the OC in children and adolescents remains low, so the inflammatory process that develops in the periodontal tissues (PT) under the influence of microbial aggression and poor oral hygiene requires targeted correction from researchers.
Material and methods. The authors selected 360 children and adolescents; of them, 195 (54.2%) with chronic catarrhal gingivitis (CCG) and 165 (45.8%) with chronic hypertrophic gingivitis (CHG), were divided by age and gender. Clinical, laboratory, functional, and dental research methods were carried out; including the degree of gingival bleeding was determined; the nature of frenulum attachment, the presence and severity of the oral mucosa cords, the depth of the vestibule of the OC, determined the intensity of dental caries according to the index of CPE + CP and CPE.
Results. It was found that CCG is more common among boys (59%) than among girls (51%); and CHG - on the contrary, 41% among boys, and 49.1% among girls. In children and adolescents with CHG, the OHI-S values are higher than in patients with CHG, which significantly demonstrates the unsatisfactory hygiene of the OC in children with HCG. According to LDF (laser Doppler flowmetry), active and passive mechanisms of blood flow regulation were disrupted, and the efficiency of microcirculation regulation decreased, which led to venous congestion, as a result of which inflammatory damage to periodontal tissues occurs.
Conclusion. The obtained data characterizing the initial state of children and adolescents with CСG showed that they occur against the background of poor periodontal hygiene, worsening with age. In children and adolescents with CHG, clinical examination revealed a pronounced inflammatory reaction of the gum tissue, which was confirmed by the results of a number of functional and clinical studies, including local hemodynamics.

Analysis of the incidence of odontogenic phlegmons of the maxillofacial region in children

Makhmudbekov B.O. — 2024-06-19

Acute odontogenic osteomyelitis is a purulent—infectious inflammatory disease of the jaw bones, in which the source of infection is teeth affected by caries and its complications. Teeth give the jaw bones an anatomical feature not found in other parts of the skeleton. Only in the jaws is the bone tissue in direct contact with the source of infection, from where the infection can come for a long time. This makes the mechanism of development of acute odontogenic osteomyelitis different from the mechanism of development of the disease in other bones.

The use of duplex ultrasound examination to determine the further tactics of the surgeon in inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues of the maxillofacial region in young children

Eshonkulov Sh.B. — 2024-06-19

Recently, the problem of improving methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial region is becoming particularly relevant. An increase in interest in a non-odontogenic infection is primarily due to a significant increase in the number of patients with inflammatory diseases of the member and neck in young children. Their number ranges from 10% to 20% of all surgical and more than half of dental patients. The article provides data from the use of duplex ultrasound examination to determine the further tactics of the surgeon in inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues of the maxillofacial region in young children.

The study of biomechanics and clinical manifestations of facial injuries with various damaging influences (Review of literature)

Boymuradov Sh.A., Khatamov U.A., Tojiyev F.I. — 2024-06-19

The experimental and clinical justification for the use of osteoplastic materials in the restoration of jawbone defects is based on the analysis of modern techniques and clinical research results. This paper examines various aspects of the use of osteoplastic materials, their biomechanical characteristics, and clinical outcomes in the treatment of patients with jawbone defects. It includes data on the use of computed tomography for diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as the role of rehabilitation in restoring functions in the maxillofacial region. Special attention is given to the evaluation of the effectiveness of different types of osteoplastic materials and their impact on the bone tissue healing process.

Psychological preparation of children for dental treatment (literature review)

Saydaliev M.N., Mukimov Sh.I. — 2024-06-19

A pediatric dentist needs to know the level of psycho-emotional development of children in order to predict and correctly interpret the children behavior at a dental appointment. In this way, it is easier to set reasonable and achievable goals for each child. For successful treatment and building long-term trusting relationships, a dentist needs to know the psychophysiological characteristics of children of different ages, determine the level of anxiety, and form an individual psychological approach to each child.

Osteoporosis in the practice of a dentist. Features of diagnosis and treatment

Khabilov B.N., Ermatova F.R. — 2024-06-19

Osteoporosis is a systematic disease of the bone, which is characterized by a decrease in the volume of bone tissue, as well as the bone leading to fractures in small injuries. In many cases, compression fractures are observed in the opte, spine, distal part, number and shouldal bones. Today, along with the climbing to the level of epidemic epidemic, along with a line of disability.

Optimization of diagnosis and treatment of maxillary cancer

Ganiev A.A. — 2024-06-19

Malignant tumors of the upper jaw are a relatively rare disease and account for 2.0 to 4.0% of human tumors and 1.5% of all malignant tumors of the head and neck. The maxillary sinus is most often affected. Despite the availability of examination, the majority of patients with this pathology turn to an oncologist with a tumor already widespread, in the volume of III-IV severity. We have to deal the problem of late detection of this oncological disease, which naturally complicates its treatment. When conversing with patients, it turns out that most of them went to the polyclinic, where, after examination, they were treated for colds: sinusitis, rhinitis, etc. Despite the ongoing treatment, due to the deterioration of the condition during a recurrent more meticulous examination, including an X-ray examination, they have been conducted a puncture of the maxillary sinus, after which they were referred to an oncologist with the results obtained. In oncological institutions, they were diagnosed with oncological disease in the volume of III-IV severity and surgical treatment was offered, and as a rule, accompanied by the formation of cosmetic and functional defects. What is the reason for the late detection of this cancer? The answer lies in the features of the topographic anatomy of the maxilla. In the upper jaw, the tumor occurs more often in the maxillary sinus, which has a fairly large volume – within 4.0 - 6.0 cm3. A lesion that has arisen in such a cavity grows freely without causing any inconvenience to the surrounding tissues. In the process of growth, a malignant neoplasm can damage the walls of the sinus, which will be expressed by the clinic of rhinitis, sinusitis, etc. Erroneous clinical conclusion leads to the appointment of anti-inflammatory therapy, which is carried out for a long time and ineffectively. And only when the tumor fills the entire sinus or part of it, violating the integrity of the walls, with germination into neighboring tissues, clinical signs appear indicating the development of cancer. In this case, the patient enters an oncological institution, where he receives specialized treatment. For illustration purposes, three clinical observations are presented, where only in one patient at the place of residence, during an examination including an X-ray examination, cancer was detected in the initial stage. This made it possible to carry out a radical operation without crippling consequences, followed by chemoradiotherapy. Has been under observation without relapse for more than three years.
It is recommended that all patients with sluggish inflammatory disease of the maxilla (sinusitis, rhinitis, etc.) be subjected to a routine X-ray examination during a long, more than two to three weeks of treatment. This will allow timely detection and treatment of maxillary cancer in the early stages.

Importance of physiotherapeutic procedure in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

Abdullaeva M.B., Chorieva F.E., Yadgarova L.B. — 2024-06-19

The effect of low-intensity laser radiation in the treatment of acute and chronic pain has now been established in many studies. Trigeminal neuralgia is pain that passes through the branches of the nerve and its trigger is located in the skin or mucous membrane, which can lead to pain in the presence of a trigger stimulus. Branches of the trigeminal nerve are involved in the pain, which sometimes causes patients to seek treatment for several years. Currently, various treatments are used to relieve pain, most of which cause tolerance and various side effects. This article examines the effects of these types of lasers on trigeminal neuralgia, which is one of the most painful diseases known. In various studies, the effect of laser therapy has been compared with placebo irradiation or drug and surgical treatments. Low–intensity laser therapy (LRT) is a treatment strategy that uses a single wavelength light source. Laser radiation and monochromatic light can alter the function of cells and tissues. However, in most studies, laser therapy was associated with a significant reduction in pain intensity and frequency compared to other treatment strategies, and several studies showed that there was no significant difference between the laser group and the placebo group in terms of analgesic effect. Low-intensity laser therapy can be considered in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia without any side effects.

Methods of treatment of herpetic stomatitis using dentosphere in TORCh infected patients

Sharipova G.I. — 2024-06-19

On a global scale, special attention is paid to research work aimed at improving the treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa in patients with TORCh infusions, including herpetic stomatitis. In this, it is important to identify the clinical-functional features of the specific course of symptoms of viral inflammatory diseases associated with oral diseases in modern dentistry, assess the place of dental and physiotherapeutic measures in the complex treatment process, develop a comprehensive step-by-step approach plan that takes into account the somatic condition of patients, offer therapeutic and preventive methods based on.

Modern aspects of the etiopathogenesis of oral lichen planus

Sobirov Sh.S. — 2024-06-19

Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory-dystrophic disease that occurs on the skin and mucous membranes. The difficulty of oral lichen planus pathogenesis needs of carrying out the complex etiopathogenetical treatment based on an individual approach to each patient taking into account an etiology', clinic and laboratory researches. On the basis of the analysis of data of literature modern etiopatogenetical aspects of oral lichen planus are presented.

Epidemiological aspects, early diagnosis and treatment of fractures of the alveolar process of jaws

Yusufov N.I., Shomurodov K.E., Musaev Sh.Sh. — 2024-06-19

In the review on the basis of data from domestic and foreign literature and own observations, information about the epidemiology of fractures of the alveolar process, frequency, diagnosis and treatment is presented. The causes and factors affect the result of the treatment of patients with this type of injury are considered.

Dynamics of healing of lateral defects covered by buccal fat pad during congenital cleft palate repair

Shaeva R.G., Bekmurodov E.E., Latipova D.I. — 2024-06-19

Currently, there is no single accepted gold standard of surgical intervention for a specific type of cleft palate. Aspects of cleft surgery necessitate the development of new methods of palatoplasty with local tissues and the search for the optimal way to form flaps with sufficient size and good blood supply in order to avoid postoperative complications. The study is devoted to the analysis of the timing of epithelialization of sites in the area of lateral defects, depending on the material used to cover the wound surface. The results of the study of 103 patients demonstrated an acceleration of the healing and epithelialization process with the use of buccal fat pad (BFP) compared with iodoform, PRF and collagen sponge. The simplicity of mobilization, minimal traumatization and accessibility of the method determine the prospects of the proposed method for covering areas of lateral defects.